基于瓦斯涌出特征的钱家营矿掘进工作面突出预警系统应用

为实现钱家营矿掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出实时预警,提出一种基于瓦斯涌出特征的预警方法。依据巷道高低浓度甲烷传感器实时监测数据,通过离散回归理论分析煤与瓦斯突出前的瓦斯涌出量,建立预警指标特征序列,确定掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出预警指标危险临界值:方差0.018,波峰差0.41,波动斜率±0.027。在此基础上构建了非接触式煤与瓦斯突出可视化预警系统并在钱家营矿进行现场应用。结果表明,以瓦斯涌出特征值作为预警指标,能够准确监测到井下瓦斯异常现象,达到瓦斯数据实时解算和可视化预警的目的,为钱家营矿掘进工作面防突工作提供技术借鉴。     

Functional organisation of the endomembrane network in the digestive gland of the Venus flytrap: revisiting an old story with a new microscopy toolbox

Up-to-date imaging approaches were used to address the spatiotemporal organisation of the endomembrane system in secretory cells of Dionaea muscipula. Different ‘slice and view’ methodologies were performed on resin-embedded samples to finally achieve a 3D reconstruction of the cell architecture, using ultrastructural tomography, array tomography, serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), correlation, and volume rendering at the light microscopy level. Observations of cryo-fixed samples by high-pressure freezing revealed changes of the endomembrane system that occur after trap activation and prey digestion. They provide evidence for an original strategy that adapts the secretory machinery to a specific and unique case of stimulated exocytosis in plant cells. A first secretion peak is part of a rapid response to deliver digestive fluids to the cell surface, which delivers the needed stock of digestive materials ‘on site’. The second peak of activity could then be associated with the reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus (GA), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vacuolar machinery, in order to prepare for a subsequent round of prey capture. Tubular continuum between ER and Golgi stacks observed on ZIO-impregnated tissues may correspond to an efficient transfer mechanism for lipids and/or proteins, especially for use in rapidly resetting the molecular GA machinery. The occurrence of one vacuolar continuum may permit continuous adjustment of cell homeostasy. The subcellular features of the secretory cells of Dionaea muscipula outline key innovations in the organisation of plant cell compartmentalisation that are used to cope with specific cell needs such as the full use of the GA as a protein factory, and the ability to create protein reservoirs in the periplasmic space. Shape-derived forces of the pleiomorphic vacuole may act as signals to accompany the sorting and entering flows of the cell.     

采煤工作面瓦斯涌出不均衡系数研究

为掌握肖家洼煤矿110805综采工作面瓦斯涌出情况,通过煤矿安全监控系统进行不同生产时期的瓦斯涌出浓度监测,结合瓦斯抽采系统管路内的瓦斯抽采纯量统计结果得到工作面涌出量数据,计算110805工作面的瓦斯涌出不均衡系数域值及平均值,为区域内其他工作面的瓦斯治理提供理论指导和技术支持。     

高瓦斯矿井回采工作面瓦斯综合抽采技术实践

为了解决高瓦斯矿井工作面瓦斯涌出量大、瓦斯浓度高,制约工作面安全生产的问题,以亨元煤业为背景,结合矿井开采及瓦斯地质条件,确定了本煤层顺层钻孔抽采、穿层钻孔抽采邻近层和覆岩裂隙带瓦斯、以及对上隅角布置抽采管路进行抽采的综合治理方法。试验表明,工作面开采期间瓦斯涌出正常,上隅角瓦斯浓度保持在0.56%以下,实现了工作面安全高效开采。     

特厚煤层综放工作面瓦斯抽采技术研究

为解决蒋家河煤矿采空区瓦斯涌出量大、上隅角瓦斯超限和回风平巷风排瓦斯量大等问题,提出了本煤层预抽、专用瓦斯抽放巷抽采和上隅角埋管抽采瓦斯相结合的方法对该矿ZF202综放工作面进行瓦斯治理,进行了现场实测和瓦斯抽采效果分析。结果表明,本煤层预抽后,瓦斯含量由7.92 m^3/t下降为4.21 m^3/t,瓦斯压力由0.72 MPa下降为0.38 MPa;上隅角瓦斯浓度由0.78%下降至0.4%左右。通过对比,专用瓦斯抽放巷的抽采纯量是高位钻孔的2.5倍,抽采效果好于高位钻孔,使工作面和上隅角瓦斯浓度保持较低水平,有效地解决了特厚煤层综放工作面瓦斯超限问题,为安全生产提供了重要保障。     

基于卷积神经网络的表情识别

在传统静态表情识别研究基础上,提出一种简单的人脸裁剪方法,再用浅层卷积神经网络进一步提取特征并进行表情识别。以CK+和JAFFE为实验数据集,进行预处理效果对比实验、数据增强实验、单种表情识别实验和跨数据集六分类实验。结果表明,针对数据量较少的情况,提出的表情识别方法效果明显且鲁棒性更优。     

In situ efficiency of filters in residential central HVAC systems

High-efficiency filtration in residential forced-air heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems protects equipment and can reduce exposure to particulate matter. Laboratory tests provide a measure of the nominal efficiency, but they may not accurately reflect the in situ efficiency of the filters because of variations in system conditions and changes in filter performance over time. The primary focus of this paper is to evaluate the effective filtration efficiency, which is inclusive of any loading and system impacts, in 21 occupied residential homes through in-duct concentration measurements. We considered the role of filter media by testing both electret and non-electret media, as well as the role of loading by considering new and used filters. The results show that filters with higher nominal efficiency generally had higher effective filtration efficiency in the same home. In terms of performance change, there is no significant difference in efficiency between initial and 3-month non-electret filters, but the efficiency of electret filters generally decreased over time. However, both nominal efficiency and performance change were vastly overshadowed by the wide variety in loading and system conditions across homes, making it hard to predict filter efficiency in a given home without in situ measurements.     

Face Recognition Based on Gabor Feature Extraction Followed by FastICA and LDA

Over the past few decades, face recognition has become the most effective biometric technique in recognizing people’s identity, as it is widely used in many areas of our daily lives. However, it is a challenging technique since facial images vary in rotations, expressions, and illuminations. To minimize the impact of these challenges, exploiting information from various feature extraction methods is recommended since one of the most critical tasks in face recognition system is the extraction of facial features. Therefore, this paper presents a new approach to face recognition based on the fusion of Gabor-based feature extraction, Fast Independent Component Analysis (FastICA), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). In the presented method, first, face images are transformed to grayscale and resized to have a uniform size. After that, facial features are extracted from the aligned face image using Gabor, FastICA, and LDA methods. Finally, the nearest distance classifier is utilized to recognize the identity of the individuals. Here, the performance of six distance classifiers, namely Euclidean, Cosine, Bray-Curtis, Mahalanobis, Correlation, and Manhattan, are investigated. Experimental results revealed that the presented method attains a higher rank-one recognition rate compared to the recent approaches in the literature on four benchmarked face datasets: ORL, GT, FEI, and Yale. Moreover, it showed that the proposed method not only helps in better extracting the features but also in improving the overall efficiency of the facial recognition system.     

大采高工作面复杂应力扰动下切顶卸压沿空留巷技术

针对寺河煤矿3^#煤大采高工作面复杂应力扰动下留巷难度大、临空侧复用巷道围岩变形严重等问题,采用水力压裂技术对巷道顶板关键层位进行定向预裂,将临空侧煤柱上方悬臂梁切落,以减小悬臂梁上覆荷载及回转变形力,切断或大大削弱岩梁传递到护巷煤柱和留设巷道内的荷载,从根本上改善巷道的力学环境。结果表明:水力压裂法切顶卸压技术的应用,有效改善了留设巷道围岩应力状态,控制了留设巷道围岩变形,避免了巷道二次甚至多次返修,降低了巷道的支护难度和支护成本。     

槽波地震勘探技术在瓦斯富集区探测中的应用研究

为查清糯东煤矿11705工作面内部煤厚变化，并圈出工作面瓦斯治理高风险区域，为工作面安全高效生产提供指导，采用槽波地震透射法对11705工作面进行探测。联合槽波速度解释与能量解释两种方法，辨析透射槽波的质量，将质量差的槽波射线分别绘制在平面图上，采用射线交汇的方法划分工作面的开采风险分布区域。探测成果与实验室中解吸法的瓦斯测定成果进行了对比，结果表明，煤与瓦斯突出矿井槽波速度与瓦斯富集区存在一定相关性，在槽波高速区、波速急剧变化带或高低速相间分布区，瓦斯含量可能较高；被四周高速区所包围的低速区域瓦斯含量较高。上述结论为国内同类型矿井瓦斯富集区探测提供了借鉴。